VSTEP Reading Detail Questions: Cách Tìm Thông Tin Chi Tiết Nhanh và Chuẩn Xác

Bài đọc mẫu 1: Công nghệ pin mặt trời perovskite

Passage: “Traditional silicon solar panels convert approximately twenty percent of absorbed sunlight into electrical energy. In recent years, materials scientists have focused on perovskite solar cells, which demonstrated an efficiency increase from under four percent in 2009 to over twenty-five percent in laboratory conditions today. The primary commercial obstacle facing perovskite cells is their chemical instability when exposed to moisture and ambient heat. Researchers are now developing polymer encapsulation coatings to shield the active mineral layers against atmospheric humidity.”

Q1: According to the passage, what is the main advantage of perovskite cells over silicon panels in recent laboratory tests?
(A) They are entirely waterproof.
(B) They achieve higher energy conversion efficiency.
(C) They were commercially available before 2009.
(D) They require no chemical coating.
→ Evidence & Phân tích: Câu 1 & 2 nêu silicon đạt khoảng 20% trong khi perovskite đạt hơn 25% trong phòng thí nghiệm. Đáp án đúng là (B).

Q2: The passage states that the primary commercial difficulty of perovskite cells is:
(A) their excessive manufacturing expense.
(B) lack of consumer interest in renewable power.
(C) chemical vulnerability to heat and moisture.
(D) inability to absorb direct sunlight.
→ Evidence & Phân tích: Câu 3 nêu “primary commercial obstacle… is chemical instability when exposed to moisture and ambient heat”. Đáp án đúng là (C).

Bài đọc mẫu 2: Thích nghi sinh học của lạc đà Nam Mỹ (Vicuña)

Passage: “Vicuñas inhabit the high alpine grasslands of the Andes mountains at altitudes exceeding four thousand meters. To survive in this hypoxic environment where oxygen levels are thin, vicuñas possess unusually large hearts and blood containing high concentrations of hemoglobin. Furthermore, their remarkably dense, fine fleece insulates their bodies against drastic temperature drops that frequently plunge below freezing at nightfall.”

Q3: According to the passage, vicuñas can cope with thin oxygen levels because they have:
(A) thick fleece that traps warm air.
(B) large hearts and elevated hemoglobin levels.
(C) migratory habits that avoid mountain peaks.
(D) smaller physical bodies than other camelids.
→ Evidence & Phân tích: Câu 2 nêu rõ “possess unusually large hearts and blood containing high concentrations of hemoglobin”. Đáp án đúng là (B).

Q4: What protects vicuñas from freezing nighttime temperatures?
(A) Their dense, fine fleece.
(B) Underground burrowing networks.
(C) Constant physical migration.
(D) Consuming high-calorie alpine grasses.
→ Evidence & Phân tích: Câu cuối nêu “remarkably dense, fine fleece insulates their bodies against drastic temperature drops”. Đáp án đúng là (A).

Bài đọc mẫu 3: Sự phát triển của dịch vụ giao hàng vi mô đô thị

Passage: “Urban logistics companies are testing autonomous sidewalk delivery robots to reduce congestion caused by traditional diesel vans. These electric rovers travel at walking speeds and navigate pedestrian sidewalks using optical cameras and ultrasonic depth sensors. City regulators initially expressed concern over sidewalk crowding, but preliminary pilot data revealed that robots accounted for less than one percent of pedestrian traffic incidents during business hours.”

Q5: How do the autonomous delivery robots navigate sidewalks?
(A) Via manual remote-control drivers.
(B) Using optical cameras and ultrasonic sensors.
(C) Following magnetic strips embedded in pavements.
(D) By emitting loud acoustic warning sirens.
→ Evidence & Phân tích: Câu 2 nêu “navigate pedestrian sidewalks using optical cameras and ultrasonic depth sensors”. Đáp án đúng là (B).

Q6: What did preliminary pilot data show regarding sidewalk robots?
(A) They caused numerous major pedestrian traffic accidents.
(B) They traveled faster than passenger vehicles.
(C) They were responsible for fewer than one percent of pedestrian incidents.
(D) They were completely banned by municipal regulators.
→ Evidence & Phân tích: Câu cuối nêu “robots accounted for less than one percent of pedestrian traffic incidents”. Đáp án đúng là (C).

1. Passage: “The ancient library of Alexandria preserved papyrus scrolls by storing them in cedar wood cupboards treated with resin to repel insect larvae.”
According to the passage, how were papyrus scrolls protected from insects?
(A) They were immersed in salt water.
(B) They were kept in resin-treated cedar cupboards.
(C) They were copied onto durable parchment.
(D) They were sealed inside airtight clay jars.
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (B). “storing them in cedar wood cupboards treated with resin to repel insect larvae”.

2. Passage: “Bioluminescent fireflies produce cold light through a chemical reaction combining luciferin, the luciferase enzyme, oxygen, and ATP energy molecules.”
The passage states that firefly light production involves:
(A) generating intense thermal radiation.
(B) a chemical reaction between luciferin, luciferase, oxygen, and ATP.
(C) absorbing external sunlight during daytime.
(D) electrical charges produced by wing muscles.
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (B). Bằng chứng trực tiếp ở câu văn mô tả phản ứng hóa học kết hợp 4 thành tố.

3. Passage: “To conserve limited moisture, the Welwitschia plant growing in coastal Namib deserts possesses only two permanent leaves that grow continuously throughout its lifespan.”
According to the passage, how many permanent leaves does a Welwitschia plant have?
(A) Zero    (B) Two    (C) Four    (D) Dozens
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (B). “possesses only two permanent leaves that grow continuously”.

4. Passage: “The construction consortium suspended tunnel drilling in November due to unexpected groundwater seepage that threatened structural stability.”
Why was the tunnel drilling halted in November?
(A) Because of labor strikes among engineers.
(B) Due to unexpected groundwater seepage.
(C) To conduct annual government safety audits.
(D) Because drilling equipment malfunctioned.
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (B). “due to unexpected groundwater seepage”.

5. Passage: “Mangrove forests serve as critical natural buffers, dissipating up to sixty-six percent of wave energy across the first one hundred meters of coastal forest.”
The passage states that mangroves reduce wave energy by up to:
(A) 33%    (B) 50%    (C) 66%    (D) 100%
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (C). “dissipating up to sixty-six percent of wave energy”.

6. Passage: “The medieval castle’s deep moat was historically filled with stagnant water diverted from a nearby tributary of the River Ouse.”
Where did the water for the castle moat originate?
(A) Underground limestone aquifers.
(B) Direct rainwater harvesting cisterns.
(C) A tributary of the River Ouse.
(D) Water barrels hauled by local villagers.
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (C). “diverted from a nearby tributary of the River Ouse”.

7. Passage: “Cognitive psychologists noted that participants who took twenty-minute afternoon naps scored fifteen percent higher on associative memory tests than sleep-deprived peers.”
What effect did 20-minute naps have on test participants?
(A) They reduced their reaction speed on exams.
(B) They raised associative memory test scores by 15%.
(C) They eliminated the need for nighttime sleep.
(D) They caused severe temporary disorientation.
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (B). “scored fifteen percent higher on associative memory tests”.

8. Passage: “Early paper manufacturers in eighteenth-century Europe relied primarily on discarded cotton and linen rags rather than wood pulp as their raw material.”
According to the passage, 18th-century European paper was mainly made from:
(A) crushed bamboo fibers    (B) wood pulp    (C) cotton and linen rags    (D) dried animal skins
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (C). “relied primarily on discarded cotton and linen rags”.

9. Passage: “The James Webb Space Telescope operates at an ultra-low temperature of minus two hundred and thirty-three degrees Celsius to detect faint infrared signals.”
Why must the James Webb Telescope operate at extremely low temperatures?
(A) To prevent electronic overheating during transmission.
(B) To detect faint infrared signals.
(C) To freeze cosmic dust particles near the lens.
(D) To conserve liquid helium fuel supplies.
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (B). “to detect faint infrared signals”.

10. Passage: “The city council allocated forty million dollars to replace municipal cast-iron water pipes with corrosion-resistant ductile iron mains over a five-year period.”
How long is the municipal pipe replacement project scheduled to take?
(A) Two years    (B) Five years    (C) Ten years    (D) Forty months
Đáp án & Bằng chứng: (B). “over a five-year period”.